fix 3.md and update Makefile

Makefile

@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
 all: 
-	rm ./notes/*.out
+	rm -f ./notes/*.out
+	rm -f ./notes/*.o
+	rm -f ./notes/*.s

notes/3.md

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ void sumstore(long x, long y, long *dest) {
 ```
 
 ```sh {cmd hide}
-while ! [ -f 3_1.o ]; do sleep .1; done; objdump -d 3_1.o
+while ! [ -r 3_1.o ]; do sleep .1; done; objdump -d 3_1.o
 ```
 
 ### Integer Registers
@@ -267,12 +267,12 @@ long absdiff(long x, long y) {
 ```
 
 ```sh { cmd hide }
-while ! [ -f 3_3.o ]; do sleep .1; done; objdump -d 3_3.o -Msuffix
+while ! [ -r 3_3.o ]; do sleep .1; done; objdump -d 3_3.o -Msuffix
 ```
 
 **expressing with `goto`**
 
-```c {cmd=gcc args=[-Og -x c -fno-if-conversion -c $input_file -o 3_4.o]}
+```c {cmd=gcc args=[-Og -x c -rno-if-conversion -c $input_file -o 3_4.o]}
 long absdiff_j(long x, long y) {
   long result;
   int ntest = x <= y;
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ long absdiff(long x, long y) {
 ```
 
 ```sh {cmd hide}
-while ! [ -f 3_5.o ]; do sleep .1; done; objdump -d 3_5.o -Msuffix
+while ! [ -r 3_5.o ]; do sleep .1; done; objdump -d 3_5.o -Msuffix
 ```
 
 However, there are several *bad cases* for conditional move.
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ loop:
 </table>
 
 ```sh {cmd hide}
-while ! [ -f 3_6.o ]; do sleep .1; done; objdump -d 3_6.o -Msuffix
+while ! [ -r 3_6.o ]; do sleep .1; done; objdump -d 3_6.o -Msuffix
 ```
 
 **general do-while translation**
@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ long pcount_while(unsigned long x) {
 ```
 ```sh {cmd hide}
 echo "jmp-to-middle translation"
-while ! [ -f 3_7.o ]; do sleep .1; done; objdump -d 3_7.o -Msuffix
+while ! [ -r 3_7.o ]; do sleep .1; done; objdump -d 3_7.o -Msuffix
 ```
 
 **general while translation#2**
@@ -478,7 +478,7 @@ long pcount_while(unsigned long x) {
 ```
 ```sh {cmd hide}
 echo "while to do-while conversion"
-while ! [ -f 3_8.o ]; do sleep .1; done; objdump -d 3_8.o -Msuffix
+while ! [ -r 3_8.o ]; do sleep .1; done; objdump -d 3_8.o -Msuffix
 ```
 
 #### for loop form
@@ -560,13 +560,13 @@ long pcount_for(unsigned long x) {
 <td>
 
 ```sh {cmd hide}
-while ! [ -f 3_9.o ]; do sleep .1; done; objdump -d 3_9.o -Msuffix
+while ! [ -r 3_9.o ]; do sleep .1; done; objdump -d 3_9.o -Msuffix
 ```
 </td>
 <td>
 
 ```sh {cmd hide}
-while ! [ -f 3_10.o ]; do sleep .1; done; objdump -d 3_10.o -Msuffix
+while ! [ -r 3_10.o ]; do sleep .1; done; objdump -d 3_10.o -Msuffix
 ```
 </td>
 </tr>
@@ -614,7 +614,7 @@ long switch_eg (long x, long y, long z) {
 <td>
 
 ```sh {cmd hide}
-while ! [ -f 3_11.s ]; do sleep .1; done; cat 3_11.s
+while ! [ -r 3_11.s ]; do sleep .1; done; cat 3_11.s
 ```
 </td>
 </tr>
@@ -667,7 +667,7 @@ void multstore(long x, long y, long *dest) {
 ```
 
 ```sh {cmd hide}
-while ! [ -f 3_12.o ]; do sleep .1; done; objdump -d 3_12.o -Msuffix
+while ! [ -r 3_12.o ]; do sleep .1; done; objdump -d 3_12.o -Msuffix
 ```
 
 Procedure call `call label`
@@ -676,3 +676,64 @@ Procedure call `call label`
 Return address:
 * Address of the next instruction right after call
 Procedure return: `ret`
+
+### Procedure Data Flow
+
+* registers
+  * first 6 args: `%rdi`, `%rsi`, `%rdx`, `%rcx`, `%r8`, `%r9`
+  * return value: `rax`
+* stack
+
+for example with above example
+
+```sh {cmd hide}
+while ! [ -r 3_12.o ]; do sleep .1; done; objdump -d 3_12.o -Msuffix
+```
+
+* with above `mult2` variable `t` is already stored in `%rax`
+* so `movq %rax,(%rbx)` where `%rbx` is `long*dest`
+
+### Managing local data
+
+**Stack-Based Languages**
+
+In languages that support recursion
+* Code must be "reentrant", which means multiple simultaneous instantiations of single procedure.
+* Need some place to store ***state*** of each instantiation: (**args**, **local variables**, **return pointer**)
+
+In order to get this, **stack discipline** is used. state for given procedure needed for limited time(from called to return): Calle returns before caller does.
+
+Stack allocated in **frames**, state for single procdure instantiation.
+When function is called, a new stack frame is created above stack top. And then when the function is returned, a corresponding frame is popped. and return to previous call state.
+
+#### Stack Frame
+
+is consist of **return information**, **local storage(if needed)** and **temporary space(if needed)**.
+
+* `%rbp` frame pointer
+* `%rsp` stack pointer
+
+Space allocated when enter procedure, "set-up" code and includes push by `call`.
+Deallocated when return, "finish" code and includes pop by `ret`.
+
+#### x86-64/Linux Stack Frame
+
+
+* for compile w/o *stack canary*, add option `-fno-stack-protector`
+```c {cmd=gcc args=[-Og -x c -fno-stack-protector -c $input_file -o 3_13.o]}
+long incr(long *p, long val) {
+  long x = *p;
+  long y = x + val;
+  *p = y;
+  return x;
+}
+long call_incr() {
+  long v1 = 15213;
+  long v2 = incr(&v1, 3000);
+  return v1 + v2;
+}
+```
+
+```sh {cmd hide}
+while ! [ -r 3_13.o ]; do sleep .1; done; objdump -d 3_13.o -Msuffix
+```