use std::io::{Cursor, Write};
use std::sync::Arc;

use anyhow::{Result, anyhow};
use base64::{Engine as _, write::EncoderWriter};
use gpui::{
    App, AppContext as _, DevicePixels, Image, ImageFormat, ObjectFit, Size, Task, point, px, size,
};
use image::GenericImageView as _;
use image::codecs::png::PngEncoder;
use util::ResultExt;

use language_model_core::{ImageSize, LanguageModelImage};

/// Anthropic wants uploaded images to be smaller than this in both dimensions.
const ANTHROPIC_SIZE_LIMIT: f32 = 1568.;

/// Default per-image hard limit (in bytes) for the encoded image payload we send upstream.
///
/// NOTE: `LanguageModelImage.source` is base64-encoded PNG bytes (without the `data:` prefix).
/// This limit is enforced on the encoded PNG bytes *before* base64 encoding.
const DEFAULT_IMAGE_MAX_BYTES: usize = 5 * 1024 * 1024;

/// Conservative cap on how many times we'll attempt to shrink/re-encode an image to fit
/// `DEFAULT_IMAGE_MAX_BYTES`.
const MAX_IMAGE_DOWNSCALE_PASSES: usize = 8;

/// Extension trait for `LanguageModelImage` that provides GPUI-dependent functionality.
pub trait LanguageModelImageExt {
    const FORMAT: ImageFormat;
    fn from_image(data: Arc<Image>, cx: &mut App) -> Task<Option<LanguageModelImage>>;
    fn from_base64_image(data: &str, mime_type: &str) -> Result<Option<LanguageModelImage>>;
}

impl LanguageModelImageExt for LanguageModelImage {
    const FORMAT: ImageFormat = ImageFormat::Png;

    fn from_image(data: Arc<Image>, cx: &mut App) -> Task<Option<LanguageModelImage>> {
        cx.background_spawn(async move {
            let format = match data.format() {
                ImageFormat::Png => image::ImageFormat::Png,
                ImageFormat::Jpeg => image::ImageFormat::Jpeg,
                ImageFormat::Webp => image::ImageFormat::WebP,
                ImageFormat::Gif => image::ImageFormat::Gif,
                ImageFormat::Bmp => image::ImageFormat::Bmp,
                ImageFormat::Tiff => image::ImageFormat::Tiff,
                ImageFormat::Ico => image::ImageFormat::Ico,
                ImageFormat::Pnm => image::ImageFormat::Pnm,
                ImageFormat::Svg => return None,
            };
            let dynamic_image =
                image::load_from_memory_with_format(data.bytes(), format).log_err()?;
            language_model_image_from_dynamic_image(dynamic_image)
                .log_err()
                .flatten()
        })
    }

    fn from_base64_image(data: &str, mime_type: &str) -> Result<Option<LanguageModelImage>> {
        let format = image::ImageFormat::from_mime_type(mime_type)
            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("unsupported image MIME type `{}`", mime_type))?;
        let bytes = base64::engine::general_purpose::STANDARD.decode(data.as_bytes())?;
        let dynamic_image = image::load_from_memory_with_format(&bytes, format)?;
        language_model_image_from_dynamic_image(dynamic_image)
    }
}

fn language_model_image_from_dynamic_image(
    dynamic_image: image::DynamicImage,
) -> Result<Option<LanguageModelImage>> {
    let width = dynamic_image.width();
    let height = dynamic_image.height();
    let image_size = size(DevicePixels(width as i32), DevicePixels(height as i32));

    // First apply any provider-specific dimension constraints we know about (Anthropic).
    let mut processed_image = if image_size.width.0 > ANTHROPIC_SIZE_LIMIT as i32
        || image_size.height.0 > ANTHROPIC_SIZE_LIMIT as i32
    {
        let new_bounds = ObjectFit::ScaleDown.get_bounds(
            gpui::Bounds {
                origin: point(px(0.0), px(0.0)),
                size: size(px(ANTHROPIC_SIZE_LIMIT), px(ANTHROPIC_SIZE_LIMIT)),
            },
            image_size,
        );
        dynamic_image.resize(
            new_bounds.size.width.into(),
            new_bounds.size.height.into(),
            image::imageops::FilterType::Triangle,
        )
    } else {
        dynamic_image
    };

    // Then enforce a default per-image size cap on the encoded PNG bytes.
    //
    // We always send PNG bytes (either original PNG bytes, or re-encoded PNG) base64'd.
    // The upstream provider limit we want to respect is effectively on the binary image
    // payload size, so we enforce against the encoded PNG bytes before base64 encoding.
    let mut encoded_png = encode_png_bytes(&processed_image)?;
    for _pass in 0..MAX_IMAGE_DOWNSCALE_PASSES {
        if encoded_png.len() <= DEFAULT_IMAGE_MAX_BYTES {
            break;
        }

        // Scale down geometrically to converge quickly. We don't know the final PNG size
        // as a function of pixels, so we iteratively shrink.
        let (width, height) = processed_image.dimensions();
        if width <= 1 || height <= 1 {
            break;
        }

        // Shrink by ~15% each pass (0.85). This is a compromise between speed and
        // preserving image detail.
        let new_width = ((width as f32) * 0.85).round().max(1.0) as u32;
        let new_height = ((height as f32) * 0.85).round().max(1.0) as u32;

        processed_image =
            processed_image.resize(new_width, new_height, image::imageops::FilterType::Triangle);
        encoded_png = encode_png_bytes(&processed_image)?;
    }

    if encoded_png.len() > DEFAULT_IMAGE_MAX_BYTES {
        // Still too large after multiple passes; treat as non-convertible for now.
        // (Provider-specific handling can be introduced later.)
        return Ok(None);
    }

    // Now base64 encode the PNG bytes.
    let base64_image = encode_bytes_as_base64(encoded_png.as_slice())?;

    // SAFETY: The base64 encoder should not produce non-UTF8.
    let source = unsafe { String::from_utf8_unchecked(base64_image) };

    Ok(Some(LanguageModelImage {
        source: source.into(),
    }))
}

fn encode_png_bytes(image: &image::DynamicImage) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
    let mut png = Vec::new();
    image.write_with_encoder(PngEncoder::new(&mut png))?;
    Ok(png)
}

fn encode_bytes_as_base64(bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
    let mut base64_image = Vec::new();
    {
        let mut base64_encoder = EncoderWriter::new(
            Cursor::new(&mut base64_image),
            &base64::engine::general_purpose::STANDARD,
        );
        base64_encoder.write_all(bytes)?;
    }
    Ok(base64_image)
}

/// Convert a core `ImageSize` to a gpui `Size<DevicePixels>`.
pub fn image_size_to_gpui(size: ImageSize) -> Size<DevicePixels> {
    Size {
        width: DevicePixels(size.width),
        height: DevicePixels(size.height),
    }
}

/// Convert a gpui `Size<DevicePixels>` to a core `ImageSize`.
pub fn gpui_size_to_image_size(size: Size<DevicePixels>) -> ImageSize {
    ImageSize {
        width: size.width.0,
        height: size.height.0,
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use gpui::TestAppContext;

    fn base64_to_png_bytes(base64: &str) -> Vec<u8> {
        base64::engine::general_purpose::STANDARD
            .decode(base64)
            .expect("valid base64")
    }

    fn png_dimensions(png_bytes: &[u8]) -> (u32, u32) {
        let img = image::load_from_memory(png_bytes).expect("valid png");
        (img.width(), img.height())
    }

    fn make_noisy_png_bytes(width: u32, height: u32) -> Vec<u8> {
        use image::{ImageBuffer, Rgba};
        use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};

        let img = ImageBuffer::from_fn(width, height, |x, y| {
            let mut hasher = std::hash::DefaultHasher::new();
            (x, y, width, height).hash(&mut hasher);
            let h = hasher.finish();
            Rgba([h as u8, (h >> 8) as u8, (h >> 16) as u8, 255])
        });

        let mut buf = Cursor::new(Vec::new());
        img.write_with_encoder(PngEncoder::new(&mut buf))
            .expect("encode");
        buf.into_inner()
    }

    #[gpui::test]
    async fn test_from_image_downscales_to_default_5mb_limit(cx: &mut TestAppContext) {
        let raw_png = make_noisy_png_bytes(4096, 4096);
        assert!(
            raw_png.len() > DEFAULT_IMAGE_MAX_BYTES,
            "Test image should exceed the 5 MB limit (actual: {} bytes)",
            raw_png.len()
        );

        let image = Arc::new(gpui::Image::from_bytes(ImageFormat::Png, raw_png.clone()));
        let lm_image = cx
            .update(|cx| LanguageModelImage::from_image(Arc::clone(&image), cx))
            .await
            .expect("from_image should succeed");

        assert_downscaled_from_original(lm_image.source.as_ref(), 4096, 4096);

        let base64_png = base64::engine::general_purpose::STANDARD.encode(raw_png);
        let lm_image = LanguageModelImage::from_base64_image(&base64_png, "image/png")
            .expect("from_base64_image should not error")
            .expect("from_base64_image should succeed");

        assert_downscaled_from_original(lm_image.source.as_ref(), 4096, 4096);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_from_base64_image_converts_jpeg_to_png() {
        use image::ImageEncoder as _;

        let mut jpeg_bytes = Vec::new();
        image::codecs::jpeg::JpegEncoder::new(&mut jpeg_bytes)
            .write_image(&[255, 0, 0], 1, 1, image::ExtendedColorType::Rgb8)
            .expect("encode jpeg");
        let jpeg_data = base64::engine::general_purpose::STANDARD.encode(jpeg_bytes);

        let image = LanguageModelImage::from_base64_image(&jpeg_data, "image/jpeg")
            .expect("from_base64_image should not error")
            .expect("from_base64_image should succeed");
        let png_bytes = base64_to_png_bytes(image.source.as_ref());

        assert_eq!(
            image::guess_format(&png_bytes).expect("guess image format"),
            image::ImageFormat::Png
        );
        assert_eq!(png_dimensions(&png_bytes), (1, 1));
    }

    fn assert_downscaled_from_original(base64_png: &str, width: u32, height: u32) {
        let decoded_png = base64_to_png_bytes(base64_png);
        assert!(
            decoded_png.len() <= DEFAULT_IMAGE_MAX_BYTES,
            "Encoded PNG should be ≤ {} bytes after downscale, but was {} bytes",
            DEFAULT_IMAGE_MAX_BYTES,
            decoded_png.len()
        );

        let (downsized_width, downsized_height) = png_dimensions(&decoded_png);
        assert!(
            downsized_width < width && downsized_height < height,
            "Dimensions should have shrunk: got {}×{}",
            downsized_width,
            downsized_height
        );
    }
}